ACT阅读备考：为什么要背核心词汇?

　　ACT考试由美国大学测验组织机构ACT主办。ACT考试均不是单纯的语言考试，而是对学生综合能力的测试。考试重视学生对基础课程的掌握并检查学生一般学术能力，难度贴近高中生。必考科学为四个部分：英语、数学、阅读、科学，全部为选择题，共215道。总分36分，考试时间共175分钟。

　　ACT考试不分I和II。它包括四个部分：数学、英语、阅读、科学推理。这里值得一提的是科学推理，这部分整合高中、初中物理，化学，生物，语文，英语口语，笔试等学科，综合在一张卷子上，以推理题目的形式出现。出题方式比较灵活，考验对高中知识的掌握和逻辑能力。「ACT Plus Writing」则为上述四个科目外再加上一个30分钟的作文测试。所有美国4年制学院及大学均接纳ACT的成绩。正因为ACT是一个以课程为本的考试，许多要求SAT Subject Tests成绩的大学，都会完全或部份豁免ACT考生有关的要求。

　　ACT考试全称“American College Testing”，中文名称为“美国大学入学考试”，是美国大学本科的入学条件之一，也是奖学金发放的重要依据之一。由ACT公司主办。ACT考试分为四个部分：文章改错(English)，数学(Math)，阅读(Reading)，和科学推理(Science Reasoning)。另外，作文为选考。

　　ACT(American College Test)考试与SAT考试均被称为“美国高考”，它们既是美国大学的入学条件之一，又是大学发放奖学金的主要依据之一及对学生综合能力的测试标准。这个考试也被所有美国四年制大学承认，与SAT相比学校没有偏向性，两个考试的成绩均接受。和SAT不同，ACT考试更像一种学科考试，它更强调考生对课程知识的掌握，同时也考虑到了对考生独立思考和判断能力的。从时间上看，ACT考试比SAT紧张;从难度上看，ACT考试比SAT更容易一些，尤其对中国的考生来说，选择ACT考试可能更容易在短期内获得相对满意的成绩!

　　美国留学成功案例>我要领书>免费评估>我要咨询　　ACT阅读的难点在于涉猎话题比较广泛，文章的取材大多来自于权威杂志、小说论文等，包括四种类型：小说、社会科学、人文和自然科学。所以词汇学习需要包含这四种类型的方方面面，这让绝大多数中国学生不知所措。

　　本文给大家带来了ACT阅读超高频词汇，词频越高的单词，越要先背，因为高词频的单词，以后考到的概率会更高，优先背诵这些单词对于基本功比较差的同学而言，才能够做到时间最优化。

　　为什么要背核心词汇?

　　1.他们源于真题，方便同学们获取对考试难度和命题方向的第一手体验;

　　2.他们带着准确高质量又形象易懂的英文释义，让同学们用英语对其有一个直观的感知;

　　3.他们当然还有音标、词性、中译。读出来、用母语、感受语境，怎么开心怎么背!

　　我们一起来看看这些阅读高频词汇吧!

　　Aspiration：[æspəˈreʃən] n. 渴望

　　desire to achieve things

　　60E SS Line 10

　　The aspiration to neutrality findsprominent expression in our politics and low.

　　Prominent: ['prɒmɪnənt] adj. 突出的

　　important andwell-known

　　OG1 SS Line 20

　　In days gone by, when theonly entertainment in town on a Wednesday night was to go to the countycourthouse to listen to a prominent politician give a theatrical tiradeagainst Herbert Hoover, an eloquent speaker could pack the courthouse and havefive thousand people lined up to the railroad tracks listening to the boomingloudspeakers.

　　Derive: [dɪ'raɪv] v. 源于

　　get

　　60E SS Line 11

　　Although neutrality derives from theliberal tradition of political thought, its province is not limited to thoseknown as liberals.

　　Disprove：[dɪsˈpruv] v. 反驳

　　prove to be false

　　63E SS Line 90

　　It’s as difficult to disprove animalconsciousness as it is to prove it.

　　Oppose: [kən'sɝvətɪv] v. 反对

　　unwilling to acceptchanges and new ideas

　　60E SS Line 19

　　an importantsubject that people are arguing about or discussing / v. 发行 make somethingknown formally or publicly

　　63E SS Line34

　　And in the spring of 2001 the University ofChicago Press issued an updated edition of Dr. Griffin’s 1992 book, AnimalMinds.

　　Cautious：[ˈkɔʃəs] adj. 谨慎的

　　acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger

　　63E SS Line 39

　　Scientists,including me, have come to be very cautious.

　　Caution:

　　Misinterpret：[ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜ:rprɪt] v. 误解

　　understand something wrongly

　　63E SS Line 40

　　Early work on primate gestures and facialexpressions was grossly misinterpreted.

　　Interpret: [ɪnˈtɜ:rprɪt] v. 解释

　　decide the meaning or significance of something

　　OG SS Line 32

　　But the effort to explain what was in his head has spawned almost asmany interpretationsas the words themselves have generated politicalmovements.

　　Intensify: [ɪnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ] v. 增强

　　make somethingbecome greater in strength, amount, or degree

　　63E SS Line 42

　　In fact the recent findings appear to haveonly intensified the debate over animal consciousness.

　　Mess: [mɛs] n. 混乱

　　something in an untidystate

　　63E SS Line 42

　　Tufts University philosopher Daniel C.Dennett declared the state of thinking on animal consciousness a “mess”.

　　Advocate: [ˈædvəˌket] v. 提倡

　　recommend something publicly/ n. 提倡者

　　63E SS Line 66

　　On the one hand there are the pro-consciousness philosophers like Colin McGinn, a professor at RutgersUniversity, and Peter Singer, a professor of bioethics at Princeton and aleading animal rights advocate.

　　Primitive: [ˈprɪmɪtɪv] adj. 原始的

　　belonging to avery early period in the development

　　63E SS Line 71

　　I think it’s plain common sense thatanimals have conscious states,” Mr. McGinn said. “Animals way down to insectshave phenomenal consciousness. It’s a primitive feature of thebiological world.

　　Unleash：[ʌnˈliʃ] v. 发泄、释放

　　release or vent

　　63E SS Line 84

　　Dr. Griffin appears mildly amused by thedebate his work has helped unleash.

　　Crack: [kræk] v. 打破

　　something becomes slightlydamaged, with lines appearing on its surface.

　　71H NS Line 10

　　If they tried, scientists could hardlyinvent a more difficult mystery to crack.

　　Detached: [dɪˈtætʃt]adj. 单独的

　　not joined to any other house

　　OG4 SS Line 51

　　Sprawl’s other most familiar form is drivenlargely by the American dream of a detachedhome in the middle of agrassy lawn.

　　Detached: [dɪˈtætʃt] Adj. 超然的

　　not personally involved insomething or has no emotional interest in it

　　61C Humanities 23-A

　　the narrator develops the third paragraphmainly through detached philosophical musings on the nature of theobject she sees.

　　Hinder: [ˈhɪndɚ]v. 阻碍

　　prevent the progress or accomplishment

　　63C NS Line 84

　　Where fires have been prevented, the forestfloor rapidly becomes colonized by shade tolerant white firs and incensecedars, hindering redwood regeneration.

　　Obstacle: [ˈɑ:bstəkl]n. 障碍

　　an obstruction that stands in the way

　　67C SS Line 62

　　There is also a major obstacle outside theworkshop: the resistance of the buyers to new woods.

　　Inhibit: [ɪnˈhɪbɪt]v. 抑制

　　prevent something from happening

　　69F NS Line 49

　　On the other hand, the heating andionization can also agitate clouds, inhibiting the birth of new stars.

　　Fluctuation:[ˌflʌktʃʊˈeʃən] n. 波动

　　change a lot in anirregular way

　　OG2 NS Line 9

　　Helmholtz was very conscious of color “constancy”—the way in whichthe colors of objects are preserved, so that we can categorize them and alwaysknow what we are looking at, despite great fluctuations in thewavelength of the light illuminating them.

　　Illuminate: [ɪˈluməˌnet] v. 照亮

　　shine light on something

　　OG2 NS Line 9

　　Helmholtz was very conscious of color “constancy”—the way in whichthe colors of objects are preserved, so that we can categorize them and alwaysknow what we are looking at, despite great fluctuations in the wavelength ofthe light illuminating them.

　　Illusory: [ɪˈlusəri] adj. 虚幻的

　　not real

　　61B SS Line 24

　　What is illusory is the widely held assumption that humanhave toiled miserably throughout history, only to be freed from labor by20th-century technology.

　　OG2 NS Line 82

　　These demonstrations, overwhelming intheir simplicity and impact, were color “illusions” in Goethe’s sense,but illusions that demonstrated a neurological truth –that colors are not “outthere” in the world nor an automatic correlate of wavelength, but, rather, areconstructed by the brain.

　　Overwhelming: ˌ[oʊvərˈwelmɪŋ] adj. 巨大的

　　very great

　　OG2 NS Line 82

　　These demonstrations, overwhelmingin their simplicity and impact, were color “illusions” in Goethe’s sense, butillusions that demonstrated a neurological truth –that colors are not “outthere” in the world nor an automatic correlate of wavelength, but, rather, areconstructed by the brain.

　　Trigger: [ˈtrɪɡɚ] v. 引发

　　to make sth happen suddenly

　　71H NS Line 73

　　As the Earth’s orbit slowly changes, sodoes the pattern of the sunlight falling on a given spot on the globe, triggeringthe glaciers’ advance and retreat.

　　Counteract:[ˌkaʊntɚˈækt] v. 抵消

　　reduce the effect ofsomething by doing something that produces an opposite effect

　　71H NS Line 89

　　Until scientists can explain changes in Earths climatic past, theycannot be sure they aren’t overlooking factors that could either counteracta human-made warming or amplify it.

　　Amplify: [ˈæmpləˌfaɪ] v. 扩大

　　increase strength or intensity

　　Delve: [dɛlv] v. 探究

　　try to discover new information about something

　　61D SS Line 88

　　However, given that Marshall, laid the foundation fortoday's racial landscape, his grand design of how race relations best workmakes his life story essential for anyone delving into the subject.

　　Remedy: [ˈrɛmɪdi] n. 补救办法

　　asuccessful way of dealing with a problem

　　61D SS Line 47

　　And it was Marshall, as the nation’s firstAfrican-American Supreme Court Justice, who promoted affirmative action—preferences,set-asides, and other race-conscious policies—as the remedy for the damage remainingfrom the nation’s history of slavery and racial bias.

　　Circumscribe: [ˈsɜ:rkəmskraɪb] v. 限制

　　limit or restrict

　　OG1 SS Line 15

　　Furthermore, even withregard to high-visibility issues, significant communication between theelectorate and public officials is extremely circumscribed.

　　Deter: [dɪˈtə:] v. 阻止

　　try to prevent

　　OG1 SS Line 62

　　Serious coverage ofgoings-on in government is deterred by the fact that government is sotechnical that even career civil servants cannot explain what is happening.

　　Diligent: [ˈdɪlədʒənt] adj. 勤奋的

　　works hard in a careful and thorough way

　　OG1 SS Line 69

　　Intricate technical issues such astaxation, arms control, and nuclear power are difficult to understand forprofessionals, to say nothing of the most diligent layman.

　　Extol: [ɪkˈstoʊl] v. 赞美

　　praise enthusiastically

　　65C SS Line 51

　　“A rolling stone gathers no moss” as extollingthe virtues of action as opposed to the more sedentary life.

　　Underestimate: [ˌʌndɚˈɛstəmet] v. 低估

　　If you underestimate something, you do not realize how largeor great it is or will be.

　　Her research—whichshe conducts alongside her husband, an organic farmer—exploresgenetically engineered crops that, instead of serving the rapacity ofagribusiness, foster the fundamentals of sustainability.

　　Impending：[ɪmˈpendɪŋ]adj. 即将发生的

　　an impending event is one that is going tohappen very soon

　　Endeavor: [ɪn’devə] n. 努力

　　apurposeful or industrious undertaking

　　71H SS Line 50

　　Their endeavor, counterintuitive as it seems, points to an emerginggreen biotech frontier— a hidden realm of opportunity to feed theworld’s impending 9 billion a diet produced in anenvironmentally responsible way.

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